What Is the Difference Between the Current Ratio and the Quick Ratio?

Textbook Definition

The current ratio divides current assets by current liabilities. The quick ratio, also called the acid-test ratio, removes inventory from current assets first. Both measure a company’s ability to meet obligations due within 12 months.

In Plain English

Can the company pay the bills due this year with what it can turn into cash this year? The current ratio counts everything. The quick ratio drops inventory, because you cannot always sell it fast. Quick is the tougher test.

Current Ratio

Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

Apple, fiscal 2025: 0.89

Quick Ratio

(Current Assets − Inventory) ÷ Current Liabilities

Apple, fiscal 2025: 0.86

Both pull from the balance sheet. Current assets are cash, short-term investments, receivables, and inventory. Current liabilities are everything due within a year.

Apple’s Current and Quick Ratios, 2021 to 2025

Apple started the period just above 1. It has been below 1 ever since. Watch how small the gap between the two ratios stays.

Company: Apple Inc.Fiscal years end in SeptemberUnits: $ millions
Line20252024202320222021
Current assets147,957152,987143,566135,405134,836
Inventory5,7187,2866,3314,9466,580
Current liabilities165,631176,392145,308153,982125,481
Current ratio0.890.870.990.881.07
Quick ratio0.860.830.940.851.02
Net working capital ($M)(17,674)(23,405)(1,742)(18,577)9,355

Source: Apple Form 10-K filings, fiscal 2021 to 2025, as analyzed in the book.

Worked Example: Apple, Fiscal 2025 ($ millions) Current ratio: 147,957 ÷ 165,631 = 0.89 Quick ratio: (147,957 − 5,718) ÷ 165,631 = 142,239 ÷ 165,631 = 0.86 Apple has about 89 cents of short-term assets for every dollar of short-term bills. Taking out inventory only drops it 3 cents, because Apple keeps very little stock on hand.

How to Use the Current and Quick Ratio in 5 Steps

  1. Calculate both ratios.

    Current ratio: current assets ÷ current liabilities. Quick ratio: subtract inventory first. Both numbers come straight from the balance sheet.

  2. Compare each one to 1.0.

    Above 1 means short-term assets cover short-term bills. Below 1 is a caution flag, not a verdict. It tells you which question to ask next.

  3. Check the gap between them.

    A big drop from current to quick means a lot of inventory. Apple’s gap is small (0.89 to 0.86) because it carries little stock. Microsoft’s is almost zero.

  4. Read five years, not one.

    Apple went from 1.07 in 2021 to 0.89 in 2025. A slide like that is worth noticing even when the company is healthy.

  5. Check cash flow and the rival.

    A ratio under 1 is fine when operating cash flow is huge and steady. Compare to a direct competitor and the industry before you decide.

Why Apple Gets a Pass

Apple brought in $111.5 billion of cash from operations in fiscal 2025. It pays short-term bills from cash coming in, not cash sitting still, and sends the rest back to shareholders through dividends and buybacks. A small company with a 0.89 current ratio and thin cash flow is a different story. Grocery stores often run below 1 too. The ratio is a question, not an answer. The cash flow statement answers it.

Apple vs. Microsoft: Opposite Sides of the 1.0 Line

Latest fiscal yearAppleMicrosoft
Current ratio0.89about 1.3
Quick ratio0.86about 1.3
Cash + short-term investmentsabout $55Babout $95B
Net working capital−$17.7Babout +$50B

Microsoft’s fiscal year ends in June, Apple’s in September.

Same industry. Both enormously profitable. One keeps a big cushion, one runs lean. Microsoft’s quick ratio barely differs from its current ratio because it carries almost no inventory to strip out. The cash ratio and net working capital round out the four liquidity measures.

What Do Beginners Get Wrong About These Ratios?

  • Treating 1.0 as a law instead of a rule of thumb.
  • Ignoring the industry. Retailers and grocers often run below 1.
  • Thinking higher is always better. Too high can mean idle cash.
  • Skipping the gap between current and quick, where inventory problems hide.
  • Reading one year instead of the five-year trend.
  • Never checking operating cash flow before calling a ratio a red flag.

How the Book Grades Apple’s Liquidity

BCurrent Ratio
B+Quick Ratio
B+Cash Ratio
BNet Working Capital
Why a B and not a C for a ratio under 1? The full reasoning, plus 22 more ratios, is in the book.Get the Book on Amazon →

The Comparison That Settles It

Liquidity Ratios · Current Ratio

Apple vs. Microsoft

Two of the strongest companies on earth, in the same industry, on opposite sides of the famous 1.0 line. That should tell you loud and clear that Apple's sub-one ratio is a deliberate choice, not a sign of weakness.

Liquidity, asset, profitability, debt, and market ratios, all run on Apple and graded. It is all in the book.

Get the Book on Amazon →

Own a Business?

You do not have Apple’s cash machine, so a ratio under 1 means more for you. Start with how much cash reserve a small business needs. If you want someone watching that number with you, Dr. Paul works with owners as a part-time financial lead. See fractional CFO services.

Current Ratio and Quick Ratio Questions

What is a good current ratio?
A current ratio above 1 is the classic rule of thumb, because it means current assets cover current liabilities. Many analysts like 1.2 to 2.0. But the right number depends on the industry and on how fast a company turns sales into cash. Apple runs at 0.89 and Microsoft near 1.3, and both are financially strong.
What is the difference between the current ratio and the quick ratio?
The quick ratio takes inventory out of current assets before dividing by current liabilities. Inventory is the hardest current asset to turn into cash fast, so the quick ratio is the stricter test. If the quick ratio is much lower than the current ratio, the company may be carrying too much inventory.
Can a current ratio be too high?
Yes. A very high current ratio can mean cash is sitting idle, customers are slow to pay, or inventory is piling up. Money parked in current assets is not being invested in growth or returned to owners. Compare the ratio to the company's own history and to its rivals.
Why is Apple's current ratio below 1?
Apple's current ratio was about 0.89 in fiscal 2025, down from 1.07 in 2021. It runs below 1 by choice. Apple generates more than $100 billion of operating cash a year and returns most of it to shareholders, so it pays short-term bills from cash coming in rather than holding a large cushion.

Written by Dr. Paul Borosky, DBA, MBA, business consultant, author, and adjunct finance instructor with an MBA focused in finance.

This page is for general educational purposes only. It is not investment, financial, tax, accounting, or legal advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell any security. Apple and Microsoft figures come from their public filings as analyzed in the book. Apple and Microsoft are trademarks of their respective owners, and this page is not affiliated with or endorsed by either company.